Identify the Question
Look for stems that ask how the argument works:
"...method of reasoning used in the argument?"
"The argument proceeds by..."
"The argument derives its conclusion by..."
"...technique or strategy employed by the argument?"
The Method
Step 1
Identify the question stem.
Step 2
Read the stimulus.
Step 3
Label the premises and conclusion.
Step 4
Note how the premises support the conclusion.
Step 5
Check each answer choice:
Is every word accurately describing how the premises support the conclusion?
Yes → that's your answer. No → move on.
Pro tip:
If you have a clear prediction from Step 4, scan the answer choices and start with the ones that match.
Common Types
Supporting their conclusion
Applying a rule or principle
— applies a rule or conditional to a specific fact to reach a conclusion
Providing an example
— supports a general claim by pointing to a specific instance of it
Appealing to an analogy
— compares the situation to a different but structurally similar one
Weighing options
— considers different possibilities: citing costs/benefits or eliminating alternatives
Responding to another argument
Disputing a premise
— disagrees with the factual support in the other argument
Questioning an assumption
— challenges an unstated premise the other argument relies on
Providing counterevidence
— presents evidence that undermines the other argument's conclusion
Offering an alternative explanation
— proposes a different cause or reason than the one being assumed
Drawing a distinction
— shows that two things being treated as the same are actually different
Points out a flaw in reasoning
— identifies a logical error: circular reasoning, causal confusion, or confusing sufficient & necessary