Question Type
Premise and Conclusion
Evaluate the Argument

Do the premises connect to each other?

YES → What's the valid inference from the combination? Use that to evaluate the conclusion.

NO → Think about each premise separately when evaluating support for the conclusion.

Note: No gaps in Parallel Reasoning (gaps = Parallel Flaw)

Abstract Structure

Write the argument pattern in abstract terms — nothing to do with the actual content.

Example: "All A are B. X is A. Therefore, X is B."

DO NOT SKIP THIS. If you struggle here, it will be worse in the answer choices.

Shallow Dip Strategy

Based on your abstract structure, what can you quickly scan for?

Shallow dip = quick scan before committing to a full read

Answer Choices

For each answer: Shallow dip first. If markers exist, read piece by piece and predict what comes next.

Answer Choice A
1. Shallow Dip
Does this answer have your markers?
2. Piece-by-Piece
Read first part. What does it need to say NEXT to match your structure?
Predicting helps you spot subtle trap answer choices.
Answer Choice B
1. Shallow Dip
Does this answer have your markers?
2. Piece-by-Piece
Read first part. What does it need to say NEXT to match your structure?
Answer Choice C
1. Shallow Dip
Does this answer have your markers?
2. Piece-by-Piece
Read first part. What does it need to say NEXT to match your structure?
Predicting helps you spot subtle trap answer choices.
Answer Choice D
1. Shallow Dip
Does this answer have your markers?
2. Piece-by-Piece
Read first part. What does it need to say NEXT to match your structure?
Predicting helps you spot subtle trap answer choices.
Answer Choice E
1. Shallow Dip
Does this answer have your markers?
2. Piece-by-Piece
Read first part. What does it need to say NEXT to match your structure?
Predicting helps you spot subtle trap answer choices.
Final Answer

If an answer matches your structure/flaw:
• Select it and move on
• Don't second-guess — saves significant time

Final Answer: